Yes, and therefore it has special tax advantages unavailable in other savings vehicles. For example, with SMART529 Select, withdrawals for qualified higher education expenses (tuition, fees, room, board, books, equipment and supplies required for attendance according to the IRS guidelines) are free from federal income tax. Non-qualified withdrawals are taxable as ordinary income to the extent of earnings, and may also be subject to a 10% federal tax penalty. Such withdrawals may have state income tax implications.